Abbreviations
| ABGB | Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Austria) |
| AC | Appeal Cases (UK) |
| ACJHR | African Court of Justice and Human Rights |
| ACJHR Statute 2003 | Protocol of the Court of Justice of the African Union, 11 July 2003 |
| ACJHR Statute 2008 | Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights, El-Sheikh, Egypt, 1 July 2008 |
| AG | Advocate General (CJEU) |
| Aircraft Protocol | Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment, 16 November 2001 |
| Am J Comp L | American Journal of Comparative Law |
| Am J Int’l L | American Journal of International Law |
| Amsterdam Treaty | Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, 10 November 1997 |
| AJIL | American Journal of International Law |
| ALI | American Law Institute, U.S. |
| All E.R. | All England Law Reports (UK) |
| AP I | Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949 relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977 |
| ARIA | American Review of International Arbitration |
| Art./Arts | Article/Articles |
| ASEAN | Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
| AU | African Union |
| AUDCG | Acte uniform portant sur le droit commercial general (Uniform act on general commercial law) from 2001 as amended 2010, OHADA |
| B.C. Indus. & Com. L. Rev. | Boston College Industrial Commercial Law Review |
| BCJ | Benelux Court of Justice (Court de Justice Benelux) |
| BG | Swiss Bundesgericht |
| BGB | Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch |
| BGH | Bundesgerichtshof, Federal Supreme Court, Germany |
| Benelux Economic Union Treaty | Treaty instituting the Benelux Economic Union (with annexed Convention containing the transitional provisions, and with Protocol of Application and Protocol of Signature), Hague 3 February 1958, UNTS 165, 381 |
| Benelux treaty 1965 | Treaty of 31 March 1965 relatif à l’institution et au statut d’une Cour de Justice Benelux, UNTS No. 13176, as amended by Protocol of 12 October 2012 |
| Brussels Convention | Brussels Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters from 27 September 1968 |
| Brussels Regulation | Council Regulation on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, Regulation (EC) No. 44/2001 from 22 December 2000 |
| Brussels Recast | Council and European Parliament Regulation on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (recast), Regulation (EC) No. 1215/2012 from 12 December 2012 |
| BVerfG | Bundesverfassungsgericht, Germany |
| BVerfGE | Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts, Germany |
| BW | Burgerlijk Wetboek, Dutch Civil Code |
| Cape Town | UNIDROIT Cape Town Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment, 16 November 2001 |
| CARICOM | Caribbean Community |
| CARIT | UN Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade, N.Y., 12 December 2001 |
| CCJ | Caribbean Court of Justice |
| CCJ Statute | Agreement Establishing the Caribbean Court of Justice of 14 February 2001 |
| CCJA | African Common Court of Justice and Arbitration of the OHADA states |
| CCV | International Convention on Travel Contracts (CCV), Brussels, 23 April 1970 |
| CESL proposal | EU-Commission Proposal for a Common European Sales Law 2011 |
| CESL | Proposal for a Common European Sales Law, COM(2011) 635 final, 11 October 2011, Annex I (substantive provisions on contract and sales law) |
| CESL Regulation | CESL Regulation (so-called ‘chapeau rules’) |
| GC I | Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, Geneva, 12 August 1949 |
| GC II | Convention on Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked of Armed Forces at Sea, Geneva, 12 August 1949 |
| GC III | Convention on Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 |
| CG IV | Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 |
| CRF | Common Frame of Reference |
| Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU | Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, 2000/C 364/01 |
| Chicago Convention | Convention on International Civil Aviation, Chicago 7 December 1944 |
| CIDIP | Inter-American Specialized Conferences on Private International Law (known by the Spanish acronym CIDIP) |
| CIM | Uniform Rules concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Goods by Rail (CIM), forming Appendix B to COTIF 1980 |
| CIS | Commonwealth of Independent States, in Russian Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimych Gosudarstv (SNG) |
| CISG | UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Vienna 11 April 1980 |
| CISG AC | CISG Advisory Council |
| CISG Commentary 1978 | UNCITRAL Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, prepared by the Secretariat, A/CONF.97/5, O.R. CISG, 14 et seq. |
| CISG Draft 1978 | UNCITRAL Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, approved by the UNCITRAL, A/CONF.97/5, O.R. CISG, 5 et seq. |
| CIV | Uniform Rules concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Passengers by Rail (CIV), forming Appendix A to COTIF 1980 |
| CLR | Commonwealth Law Reports (Australia) |
| CJEU | Court of Justice of the European Union |
| CMNI | Convention on the Contract for the Carriage of Goods by Inland Waterway (CMNI), Budapest, 22 June 2001 |
| CMR | Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road, Geneva, 19 May 1956 |
| Colum J Eur L | Columbia Journal of European Law |
| Colum L R | Columbia Law Review |
| Convention IMO | Convention on the International Maritime Organisation, 6 March 1948, entered into force on 17 March 1958 |
| Convention on Agency | UNIDROIT Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods, Geneva, 17 February 1983 |
| Convention on Bills of Exchange | UN Convention on International Bills of Exchange and international promissory notes, N.Y., 9 December 1988 |
| Convention on Factoring | UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring, Ottawa, 28 May 1988 |
| Convention on Independent Guarantees | UN Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit, N.Y., 11 December 1995 |
| Convention on Intermediated Securities | UNIDROIT Convention on Substantive Rules for Intermediated Securities, Geneva 9, October 2009 |
| Convention on Leasing | UNIDROIT Convention on International Financial Leasing, Ottawa, 28 May 1988 |
| Convention on Liability of Operators of Transport | UN Convention on the Liability of Operators of Transport Terminals in International Trade, Vienna, 17 April 1991 |
| COTIF 1980 | OTIF Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail (COTIF), 9 May 1980 with protocols A-G, as amended by Protocol adopted 3 June 1999, in force as of 1 July 2006 and as amended by Vilnius Protocol 1 July 2006, in force as of 1 January 2011 |
| CVR | Convention on the contract for the international carriage of passengers and luggage by road (CVR). Geneva, 1 March 1973, as amended by Geneva Protocol of 5 July 1978 |
| Danish CA 1975 | Danish Contract Act (Aftalelov) 1975 |
| DC | District Court (U.S) |
| DCFR | Draft Common Frame of Reference |
| Draft union for jus commune 1970 | Draft multilateral convention establishing a union for jus commune in matters of international trade 1970; see UNCITRAL, General Assembly, The establishment of a Union for ‘Jus Commune’ in Matters of International Trade, Analysis of comments and observations by Governments, Report by the Secretary-General, A/CN.9/81, 1 March 1973 |
| EAC | East African Community |
| EACJ | East African Court of Justice |
| EACJ Statute | Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community of 30 November 1999 (as amended 20 August 2007) |
| EC | European Community |
| ECHR | European Convention on Human Rights from 4 November 1950 (as amended) |
| ECHR Reports | Reports of Judgments and Decisions/Recueil des arrêts et décisions of the European Court of Human Rights |
| ECtHR | European Court of Human Rights (Court of the European Convention on Human Rights from 4 November 1950) |
| ECIC | UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communication in International Contracts, 23 November 2005 |
| ECJ | European Court of Justice |
| ECR | European Courts Reports |
| edn. | edition |
| ed./eds. | editor/editors |
| EEA Agreement 1993 | Agreement of the European Economic Area, 17 March 1993 (EEA) |
| EEC | European Economic Community |
| EFTA | European Free Trade Association |
| EFTA Surveillance and Court Agreement 1992 | Agreement between the EFTA States Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway on the Establishment of a Surveillance Authority and a Court of Justice 2 May 1992 (as subsequent amended) |
| EGBGB | Einführungsgesetz zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch, Germany |
| EPC | Convention on the Grant of European Patents (European Patent Convention), 5 October 1973, as revised by Act revising Article 63 EPC of 17 December 1991 and the Act revising the EPC of 29 November 2000 |
| EPLR | European Private Law Review |
| ET | Erhvervsjuridisk Tidsskrift |
| EU | European Union |
| EU Convention on Insolvency Proceedings | European Union Convention on Insolvency Proceedings, 23 November 1995 |
| EuLF | European Legal Forum |
| EWHC | High Court of England and Wales |
| Fed. | Federal (U.S) |
| fn. | Footnote(s) |
| GATT | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade |
| GG | Grundgesetz (German Constitution) |
| Geneva 1930 | Convention providing a Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes, Geneva, 7 June 1930 |
| Geneva 1931 | Convention providing a Uniform Law for Cheques, Geneva, 19 March 1931 |
| Hague 1899 | Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, 29 July 1899 |
| Hague 1902 | Hague Convention on Guardianship of Infants from 12 June 1902 |
| Hague 1907 | Hague Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, 18 October 1907 |
| Hague 1955 | Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Contracts for the Sale of Goods, 15 June 1955 |
| Hague 1978 | Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Agency, 14 March 1978 |
| Hague 1986 | Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Contracts for the Sale of Goods, 22 December 1986 |
| Hague 2002 | Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Certain Rights in Respect of Securities held with an Intermediary, 13 December 2002184184. Because of previous practice of the Hague Conference officially dated as of the date of the first signature, 5 July 2006. |
| Hague 2005 | Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreement, 30 September 2005 |
| Hague 2015 | Principles on Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts, Hague, 19 March 2015 |
| Hague 2019 | Hague Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, 2 July 2019 |
| Hague Protocol on the PICJ jurisdiction 1931 | Protocole, pour reconnaître à la Cour Permanente de Justice Internationale la compétence d’interpréter les Conventions de La Haye de droit international privé, 27 March 1931 |
| Hague/Visby | Hague Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading, Brussels, 25 August 1924, as amended by the protocol done at Brussels on 23 February 1968 and by the Visby SDR Protocol, 21 December 1979. |
| Hamburg Rules | UN Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, 31 March 1978 (the ‘Hamburg Rules’) |
| Havana Charter | Havana Charter on the Internantional Trade Organisation (ITO) from 24 March 1947, UN Confeence on Trade and Employment at Havana, Cuba, 21 November-24 March 1947, 1948, Final Act and Related Documents 24 March 1947, Lake Success, N. Y. April, 1948 (not adopted or set in operation) |
| HCCH | Hague Conference on Private International Law |
| HCCH Doc. on Uniform Interpretation | Special Commission on international jurisdiction and the effects of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters (10-20 November 1998), Document submitted by the Co-Reporters of the Uniform Interpretation of the Proposed Convention on the Jurisdiction, Recognition and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, HCCH Work Doc. No 94 E |
| HD | Højesteretsdom/Høyesterettsdom/Högstadomstol (DNK/N/S) |
| HL | House of Lords (UK), today UK Supreme Court |
| HRL | Human Rights Law |
| ICAO | International Civil Aviation Authority |
| ICC | International Chamber of Commerce, Paris |
| ICJ | International Court of Justice |
| ICJ Statute | Statute of the International Court of Justice, 26 June 1945 |
| ICLQ | International and Comparative Law Quarterly |
| ICRC | The International Community of the Red Cross |
| ILC | The International Law Commission |
| IHL | International Humanitarian Law (The Law of Armed Conflict) |
| IHR | Internationales Handelsrecht |
| IICJ | International Islamic Court of Justice |
| IICJ Statute | Statut de la Cour Islamique International de Justice (Draft Statute of the International Islamic Court of Justice), IICJ/2-86/D.1 (final), Kuwait, 29 January 1987 |
| ILO | International Labour Organisation |
| IMO | International Maritime Organisation |
| INCOTERMS 2020 | International Commercial Terms, ICC, version 2020 |
| IPRax | Praxis des Internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrechts |
| ITLOS | International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea |
| ITLOS Statute | Annex VI UNCLOS Statute of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea |
| ITO | Internantional Trade Organisation, Havane Charter for an International Trade Organisation, UN Confeence on Trade and Employment at Havana, Cuba, 21 November-24 March 1947, 1948, Final Act and Related Documents 24 March 1947, Lake Success, N.Y. April, 1948 (not adopted or set in operation) |
| J.L. & Com | Journal of Law & Commerce |
| JPIL | Journal of Private International Law |
| Lisbon Treaty | Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, 17 December 2007, entry into force on 1 December 2009 |
| LOAC | The Law of Armed Conflict (International Humanitarian Law) |
| LPISG 1974 | Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods, New York, 14 June |
| LPISG | Convention on the Limitation Period in the International Sale of Goods, New York, 14 June 1974 as amended by the Protocol at Vienna, 11 April 1980 |
| Lugano Convention 1988 | Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgment in civil and commercial matters, 16 September 1988 |
| Lugano Convention 2007 | Lugano Convention on jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgment in civil and commercial matters, 30 October 2007 |
| Mauritius Convention on Transparency 2014 | Convention on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration from N.Y., 10 December 2014 |
| Mexico 1994 | Inter-American Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations, Mexico, 17 March 1994 |
| Mich L R | Michigan Law Review |
| MLEC 1996/1998 | UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996) with additional article 5 bis as adopted in 1998 |
| Montreal 1999 | Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, Montreal, 28 May 1999 |
| NCA | Nordic Contract Act |
| NCCUSL | National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, U.S. |
| NDS | Nordisk Domssamling |
| New York 1958 | New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, 10 June 1958 |
| NIPR | Nederlands Internationaal Privaatrecht |
| Nordic Convention on Succession | Nordic Convention on Succession of 19 December 1934, amended by the convention of 9 December 1975 and 1 June 2012 (entered into force on 1 September 2015) |
| Nordic MC | Nordic Maritime Code |
| N SGA | Nordic Sales of Goods Act |
| OAS | Organization of America States |
| OHADA | Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires |
| OHADA 2010 | Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires, Uniform Act on General Commercial Law 2010 |
| OHADAC | Organisation pour l’Harmonisation du Droit des Affaires dans la Caraïbe |
| OHADAC 2015 | Organisation pour l'Harmonisation du Droit des Affaires dans la Caraïbe (OHADAC) Principles on International Commercial Law 2015 |
| OIC | Organization of Islamic Cooperation |
| OJ | Official Journal of the European Communities/ European Union |
| O.R. | Official Records, United Nations |
| O.R. CISG | Official Records, United Nations Conference on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Vienna, 10 March-11 April 1980, Official Records, Documents of the Conference and Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Main Committees, United Nations, New York (1981) (A/CONF.97/19) |
| O.R. Hamburg Rules | Official Records, United Nations Conference on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, Hamburg, 6-31 March 1978, Official Records, Documents of the Conference and Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Main Committees, United Nations, New York (1981) (A/CONF.89/14) |
| O.R. LPISG | Official Records, United Nations Conference on Prescription (Limitation) in the International Sale of Goods, New York, 20 May-14 June 1974, Official Records, Documents of the Conference and Summary Records of the Plenary Meetings and of the Meetings of the Main Committees, United Nations, New York (1975) (A/CONF.63/16) |
| OTIF | Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail |
| p. | page(s) |
| PAC | International Permanent Arbitration Court |
| Pace Int’l L. Rev. | Pace International Law Review |
| para/paras | paragraph/paragraphs |
| PCIJ | Permanent Court of International Justice |
| PECL | Principles of European Contract Law (PECL, Parts I and II as revised 1998, Part III 2002) |
| PIL | Private International Law |
| RabelsZ | Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht |
| REIO | Regional Economic Integration Organisation |
| RG | Reichsgericht |
| RIAA | Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Recueil des sentences arbitrales |
| Rn. | Randnote (paragraph) |
| Rome | Rome Convention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations, Rome 19 June 1980 |
| Rome I | Regulation (EC) No. 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations |
| Rome II | Regulation (EC) No. 864/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 July 2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations |
| Rome III | Regulation (EC) No. 1259/2010 of 20 December 2010 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the law applicable to divorce and legal separation |
| Rome IV | Regulation (EC) No. 650/2012 of 4 July 2012 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and acceptance and enforcement of authentic instruments in matters of succession and on the creation of a European Certificate of Succession |
| Rome V | Regulation (EC) No. 1103/2016 of 24 June 2016 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of matrimonial property regimes |
| Rome VI | Regulation (EC) No. 1103/2016 of 24 June 2016 implementing enhanced cooporation in the area of jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of the property consequences of registered partnerships |
| RPC | Rules of Procedure of the Council, EU Council Decision 1 December 2009 adopting the Council’s Rules of Procedure (2009/937/EU), Annex Rules of Procedure of the Council |
| Rotterdam Rules | UN Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea, N.Y., 11 December 2008 |
| s./ss | Section/sections |
| SGA | Sale of Goods Act (UK) |
| SHD | Sø- og handelsretsdom (DNK) |
| S.M.U. L. Rev. | Southern Methodist University (SMU) Law Review |
| TEC | Treaty on European Community |
| TEU | Treaty on European Union |
| TFEU | Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union |
| UCC | Uniform Commercial Code, U.S. |
| UCLA L. Rev. | University of California Los Angeles Law Review |
| UCP 600 | Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, ICC, 2007 version |
| UfR | Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen (DNK) |
| UKHL | United Kingdom House of Lords (UK parliament) |
| UKSC | Supreme Court of United Kingdom (before 2009 HL): |
| ULF | Hague Convention on the Formation of Contracts of Sale, 1 July 1964 |
| ULIS | Hague Convention on the International Sale of Goods, 1 July 1964 |
| ULVC | UNIDROIT Draft of the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to Validity of Contracts of International Sale of Goods, 31 May 1972 |
| UN Charter | Charter of the United Nations, 26 June 1945 |
| UNCITRAL | United Nations Commission on International Trade Law |
| UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules | UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules 1976 (as revised in 2010 and amended in 2013) |
| UNCITRAL Model Law 1985/2006 | UNCITRAL Model Law in International Commercial Arbitration 1985 with amendments as adopted 2006 |
| UNCLOS | United Convention on the Law of the Sea, 10 December 1982 |
| Unif. L. Rev. | Uniform Law Review (UNIDROT) |
| UNTS | United Nation Treaty Series |
| U. Pa. L. Rev. | University of Pennsylvania Law Review |
| UPC | United (European) Patent Court |
| UPC Agreement | Agreement on a Unified Patent Court, 19 February 2013, C 175/01 |
| UPC Statute | Annex I, Statute of the Unified Paten Court, Agreement on a Unified Patent Court, 19 February 2013, C 175/01 |
| UPICC | UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Rome, 2016 |
| U.S. | United States Reports |
| VCLT | Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 23 May 1969 |
| VCLT 1986 | Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations, 21 March 1986 (not yet in force) |
| Vill. L. Rev. | Villanova Law Review |
| Warsaw 1929 | Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, 12 October 1929, as amended by four additional protocols signed in Montreal on 25 September 1975 |
| Warsaw/Hague 1955 | Warsaw Convention (Warsaw 1929) as amended by The Hague Protocol, 28 September 1955 |
| Wash. U. Global Stud. L. Rev. | Washington University Global Studies Law Review |
| W.L.R. | Weekly Law Reports (UK) |
| WTO | World Trade Organisation |
| WTO 1994 | Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) from April 15, 1994 |
| WTO DSB | WTO Dispute Settlement Body |
| YB | Yearbook of the United Nations Commission on International Trade (UNCITRAL) |
| YILC | Yearbook of the International Law Commission |
| YPIL | Yearbook of Private International Law |
| ZEuP | Zeitschrift für Europäisches Privatrecht |
| ZGB | Zivilgesetzbuch |
| ZVglRWiss | Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft |
Side 853
Fodnoter samlet
184. Because of previous practice of the Hague Conference officially dated as of the date of the first signature, 5 July 2006.